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| 1916 |
| | | Britain and France sign the secret Sykes-Picot Agreement, dividing up spheres of influence in the Middle East | |
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| 1918 October 1 |
| | | After a victory at the historic battle site of Megiddo, Allenby captures the city of Damascus | |
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| 1920 |
| | | A national congress in Damascus proclaims Faisal king of an independent Syria | |
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| 1920 |
| | | French intervention in Syria forces Faisal off the throne and out of the country | |
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| 1920 May |
| | | League of Nations mandates give France responsibility for Syria and Lebanon | |
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| c. 1930 |
| | | A pregnant female hamster, captured in Syria, becomes the ancestor of every pet hamster in the world | |
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| c. 1943 |
| | | The Ba'th party is founded by Michel Aflaq and others in Syria, with a pan-Arab political agenda | |
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| 1946 |
| | | Syria becomes fully independent with the withdrawal of French forces | |
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| 1958 |
| | | Egypt and Syria merge as the United Arab Republic (but disengage three years later) | |
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| 1961 |
| | | Syria withdraws from the United Arab Republic (UAR) seeing it as unacceptably dominated by Egypt | |
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